Preferences of therapists-in-training for client characteristics.

The preferences of 132 therapists-in-training for 16 client characteristics were investigated using a paired comparison methodology. Therapists most preferred to work with clients who were psychologically minded, shared similar attitudes and values, and had dissimilar personally troubling problems. They least preferred to work with clients who were not psychologically minded, had dissimilar attitudes and values, and were older. Order of preferences was not influenced by therapist sex, race, clinical experience, socioeconomic status, sexual orientation, or theoretical orientation. Limitations of this study as well as implications for further research and training are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Tagged Systems: A Framework for the Specification of History-dependent Properties

We propose a general method for the treatment of history-dependent runtime errors. When one has to control this kind of errors, a tagged version of the language is usually defined, in which tags capture only the necessary information of the history of processes. We will characterize such tagged languages as being quotients of the reachability tree defined by the computations of the original language. From this fact we can conclude that the property characterized by each tagged language is indeed a property of the original one. In this way, we can work in a common framework, instead of defining an ad hoc semantics for each property. In particular, we could still use the analysis machinery existing in the calculus in order to prove that or other related properties. We have applied this methodology to the study of resource access control in a distributed π-calculus, called Dπ. In particular, we have proved that the tagged version of Dπ is indeed a tagging according to our definition.     

Development of a system for categorizing client reactions to therapist interventions.

We developed a measure of client reactions to therapist interventions. The 21 categories of the measure were divided into 14 positive and 7 negative reactions, which differed significantly from each other on client helpfulness ratings. Preliminary validity data indicated that therapist intentions were related to client reactions more for successful cases than unsuccessful cases, pretreatment symptomatology was highly predictive of which reactions the clients reported, there were some predictable changes in reactions across time in treatment, and within-case correlations of reactions with client-rated session depth and smoothness indicated some similarities across cases. We discuss the case-specific nature of client reactions, methodological issues, and the need for greater therapist awareness of client reactions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Beneath the surface of long-term therapy: Therapist and client report of their own and each other's covert processes.

Therapists and clients reported on their own and their perceptions of each other's covert processes in long-term therapy. Therapists had a match rate of .45 for client reactions, with therapists rating match on therapeutic work reactions as helpful. Although 65% of clients left somethimg unsaid (primarily because of avoidance), only 27% of therapists were able to match what clients left unsaid. Of the clients, 46% had secrets (often sexual), primarily because of shame or insecurity. Clients had a match rate of .50 for therapist intentions, with therapists rating match on exploratory and restructuring intentions as helpful and both clients and therapists rating match on assessment intentions as not helpful. Thus, awareness of the other's covert processes had an effect on therapy. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Therapist perspectives on countertransference: Qualitative data in search of a theory.

A consensual qualitative research strategy was used to examine data from 127 interviews conducted with 8 psychologists immediately following their sessions of brief therapy with 8 clients. Analyses revealed 3 domains relevant to countertransference: origins (including categories of family issues, needs and values, therapy specific issues, and cultural issues), triggers (including categories of content of client material, therapist comparing client with others, change in therapy structure or procedures, therapist assessing progress of therapy, therapist perception of client, and emotions), and manifestations (including categories of approach, avoidance, negative feelings, and treatment planning). The frequency of categories within and across cases was classified, and relationships among categories from the 3 domains were detected, generating hypotheses for future empirical research. Implications for practice, training, and continued research are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Therapist retrospective recall impasses in long-term psychotherapy: A qualitative analysis.

Twelve experienced therapists completed a questionnaire, and 8 of the 12 were then interviewed about their experiences with a therapeutic impasse that ended in the termination of therapy. Data were analyzed using a qualitative methodology. Results indicated that most of the clients were anxious and depressed with personality disorders and interpersonal problems. Therapists perceived impasses as having a profound negative impact on both clients and therapists. Variables associated with impasses in a majority of the cases were a client history of interpersonal problems, a lack of agreement between therapists and clients about the tasks and goals of therapy, interference in the therapy by others, transference, possible therapist mistakes, and therapist personal issues. Implications for training, practice, and research are provided. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Impact of microbial transglutaminase on the viscoelastic profile of formulated bread doughs

The effects of microbial transglutaminase (TGM) on the viscoelastic profile of wheat flour doughs when added singly and in combination with hydrocolloids—hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) and a high ester pectin (GENU pectin type BIG, or BIG)—, amylolytic (-amylase) and non amylolytic enzymes (xylanase) and an emulsifier [diacetyl tartaric acid ester of mono-diglycerides (DATEM)] have been investigated by applying response surface analysis to a Draper-Lin small composite design of formulated dough samples. In spite of the major effects on mixing, textural, extensional and viscometric parameters, which were provided by hydrocolloid/surfactant combinations, incorporation of TGM into dough formulas improved some viscoelastic properties. TGM, when added to DATEM and/or HPMC-containing doughs, induced synergistic effects on mixing parameters, resulting in increased water absorption, development time and stability. Highly cohesive doughs with improved water holding capacity and gluten strength during mixing and fermentation, and suitable pasting behaviour during cooking were achieved using TGM/BIG/DATEM mixtures, mainly associated with suitable interactions of the pairs TGM/DATEM and DATEM/BIG.     

Implementation and Field Testing of Characteristics-Based Intersection Queue Estimation Model

This paper proposes and implements a dynamic queue length estimation model at signalized intersections. Based on the continuum principle, this model describes the formation and dissipation of traffic queues at an intersection and the interactions with the signals. The use of a general speeddensity relationship in the model leads to the development of a general mathematical formulation for intersection queue length studies, which allows the model to adapt to changes in traffic and geometric conditions through parameter updating. Field testing of the model has demonstrated initial success. Experience suggests that use of headway and average speed data in density derivation lead to more stable and accurate results than using other traffic data.